To refresh a view in both custom and standard component use below
$A.get('e.force:refreshView').fire();
Ex: From the below table Child details are multiple child records, when adding/deleting/updating child records costs Parent summary table top one should get update with totals.
This can be done with simple refresh call which will update parent.
handleRefresh: function(component, event, helper) {
$A.get('e.force:refreshView').fire();
}